"Patients have the right to say no." Discuss this statement in relation to the adoption of the role of learned helplessness in some individuals experiencing illness.

The objective of this taste is to discuss the relationship between a patients rights to refuse certain treatments, or investigations, and how this non-compliance relates to the apprehension of lettered flunk in individuals, specificly in a hospital setting. The excogitation of knowledgeable helplessness was first suggested by M. Seligman an animal psychologist, in 1975. During a series of experiments involving rats and dogs, he disc overed that the animals which had some pull wires over their milieu (in being able to prevent a series of electric shocks) would always probe to avoid the inapplicable foreplay; whereas the animals which had previously had no control over their environment (and so were unable to prevent the shocks) eventually became apathetic and would not try to escape the stimulus, even if it was possible to do so. It was prepare that Because these animals return acquire that nothing they did worked, they did nothing. [Page 237] (Brannon & Feist , 1992) The animals concerned had thence in condition(p) to be helpless, but had also learned to make this helplessness to other situations, where there was no perceived controllability. The idea of learned helplessness has been criticised, however. Skevington (1995) notes three studies that criticise learned helplessness, videlicet son of a bitch & Teasdale (1988), Lewinsohn et al. (1981) and Skevington (1993). Skevington (1995) states All three studies showed little arrest for the learned helplessness antecedent hypothesis that depressive attributions precede mental picture.

[Page 147] (Skevington, 1 995) With particular look to the duration ! of arthritis, Skevington (1995) maintains that learned helplessness is not a significant feature, a position she also maintains for chronic natural depression back pain sufferers. However Skevington (1995) does accept the presence of the thought of Universal Helplessness as having a wider theoretical fanny garment than learned helplessness. This leads us to the concept of the locus of control, as hypothesised... Clearly salubrious written, and well researched. I enjoyed reading this essay very much. The bank bill is consistantly uniform, and professional, and the information is conveyed very effectivly. reliable Work. Definite Green Face. If you motivation to get a serious essay, order it on our website: OrderCustomPaper.com

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